The Power Of The Declaration Essay Example For Students

The Power Of The Declaration Essay Force and The Declaration of IndependenceThere are numerous deliberations in the Declaration of Independence. These deliberations, for example, rights, opportunity, freedom and bliss have become the establishments of American culture and have assisted with forming the American Identity. Force, another deliberation that reoccurs in all the significant pieces of the Declaration of Independence assumes a similarly significant job in molding American Identity. One overlooks the reflection of intensity, since it shows up corresponding to different establishments: the council, the King, the earth, and the military. The reflection of intensity establishes the pace of the Declaration, and shapes the homesteaders origination of government and society. Force in the Declaration of Independence streams from particular bodies inside society, for example, the King, the council, the military, and the pioneers. We will compose a custom exposition on The Power Of The Declaration explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The English Dictionary characterizes power as, the capacity to do or impact something or anything, or to follow up on someone or something. All through the ages as per the word reference the word power has indicated comparable implications. In 1470 the word power intended to have quality and the capacity to accomplish something. About 300 years after the fact in 1785 the word power conveyed a similar significance of control, quality, and power, capacity to create an impact, assumes power not to deliver it; else it isn't power however need. This definition clarifies how the intensity of government and social establishments rests in their capacity to order individuals, rocks, settlements to accomplish something they in any case would not do. To make individuals cover charges. To make the stones structure into a fence. To make the homesteaders respect the lord. The colonialists embrace this understanding of intensity. They consider capacity to be a coldblooded power that has married the m to a ruler who has a past filled with rehashed wounds and usurpations. The composers of the Declaration of Independence likewise accept that forces given by God to the individuals must not be usurped. The contention between these circles of intensity the pioneers accept, legitimizes their disobedience. The employments of the word power set the pace of the Declaration of Independence. In the principal sentence of the Declaration pioneers censure the Kings infringement of forces given by God to all men. When in the Course of human occasions it gets essential for one individuals to break up the political groups which have associated them with another, and to accept among forces of the earth, the different and equivalent station to which the Laws of Nature and of natures God Entitle them (Wills 375). In this section the authors of the Declaration of Independence are disclosing their ethical case to revolt. This correct discovers its establishment on their understanding of the reflection of intensity. Homesteaders see power as bifurcated, a power the King uses to persecute them, and a power given to them by God permitting them to revolt. In the Declaration of Independence the pilgrims likewise expound on power as a negative power. In the accompanying statement power takes on an adverse importance since power rests in the possession of the King and not the individuals, to make others be chosen; whereby the Legislative forces, unequipped for Annihilation, have returned (Wills 376). Force when referenced in relationship with the intensity of the individuals to make their own laws has a positive undertone, He has influenced to render the Military free of and better than Civil force (Wills 377). These two distinct employments of the word power change the significance and tone of the De claration of Independence. The importance changes from only a Declaration of Independence from Britain on account of different infringement of duty laws, military uses, and pioneers rights; to a major contradiction about force. Regardless of whether the King or common specialists reserve a privilege to control. The pioneers have faith in the decentralization of intensity. The British help a brought together government. The pilgrims accept force should stream upward from the individuals to the rulers. The British accept force should stream descending from the King to the subjects. .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .postImageUrl , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:hover , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:visited , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:active { border:0!important; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:active , .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .focused content region { width: 100%; position : relative; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udbfd c9d10124d98437987dc1732db981 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udbfdc9d10124d98437987dc1732db981:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Real Estate Investment Trusts EssayThe two distinct employments of the word power likewise change the tone of the record. The pioneers meaning of intensity as coercive in the possession of the King and great in the possession of common specialists distinguishes the King as the adversary. He assumes the job of the foe since he grips the force in pre-frontier society. The tone of the Declaration of Independence turns out to be increasingly serious; the Declarations denouncing of the major force awkward nature between the provinces and the King make the break between the two unbridgeable. The break between the states and the King became a duty or strategy contrast any longer, yet a principal philosophical distinction. The pilgrims importance of the word power changes relying upon who has the force. In the possession of the King power debases, in the possession of the homesteaders and individuals it takes on divine characteristics. The pioneers investigation of who has power interests. The homesteaders accept capacity to be a power that exudes from fixed focuses in the public arena. Conversely increasingly current scholars, for example, Nietzche and Foucault accept power streams all through the entirety of society. The pioneers see, in England power exudes legitimately from the King. Due to this translation they censure the King for the numerous wrongs they list in the body of the Declaration of Independence. The pilgrims don't accuse the individuals of England or the English Legislature. This permits the tone of the Declaration of Independence to mollify. Rather, of being an assault on the establishments of English society, the Declaration just assaults the King, the holder of intensity. Foucaults translation of intensity would vary forcefully from the composers of the Declaration of Independence. Foucault considers capacity to be originating from the numerous advancements that society uses to control individuals: charge frameworks the law, man centric society, family frameworks, governing bodies, and even vote based system. These advances as indicated by Foucault all speak to various manners by which society controls its individuals (Foucault 307). The King, under Foucaults translation of intensity exposes little duty regarding the complaint settlers have with England. The King in his view assumes only a job in the snare of various advancements of control. Foucault would consider the To be as being constrained by numerous individuals of the powers in the public arena. Satisfying his job isn't so much his sign of his capacity as the intensity of English society and its capacity to control the settlements and their occupants. On the off chance that the pioneers when composing the Declaration of Independence had this origination of intensity as a main priority at that point, the tone of the record would have been a lot more grounded prosecuting all of English society. The pilgrims understanding of intensity has genuine repercussions on the ensuing plan of the US government. Since the homesteaders philosophical break with England was over the intensity of the King; the designers of the Declaration of Independence tried to keep a government from emerging in the United States. They looked to scatter power among the states and set up an arrangement of counterbalancing parts of government that would keep any single branch from having an excessive amount of intensity. The thoughts of federalism and decentralization were an immediate outgrowth of the homesteaders translation of intensity. Force, in the Declaration of Independence conveys something beyond linguistic noteworthiness to the record. It shapes the archives importance, making it thoughtfully unforgiving toward the foundation of the King and tempered towar

Organization and Behavior Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"Organizational conduct is a field of study that researches the effect that people. gatherings and development have on practices inside association for the plan of utilizing such perception toward bettering an organization’s effectivity. † †Stephen P. Robbins ( Magicman. 2011 ) . An association has its ain various sorts where are set up to work figure of purposes and to run into a grouping of requests. It comes in all signifiers. structure. what's more, sizes and considered to hold MOPS. Breaking down Organization and Behavior empowers the moving toward executives. which are the worry students. to go progressively competitory and useful at their in the future occupations. It is other than an of import develop for any association. since it manages the three determiners of conduct in an association: Persons. Gatherings. furthermore, Structure. Breaking down this build will help the association to better and adjust the people. gatherings and authoritative conduct to accomplish every end. Hierarchical Structure and Culture * Organization does non be freely yet is detached to. We will compose a custom article test on Association and Behavior Essay Sample or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page what's more, in persistent cooperation with. the more extensive outside condition of which it is divide. * A significant determiner of an organization’s development is its human progress. * The permeant idea of development in footings of both outer impacts and ‘how things are done around here’ and basic qualities. convictions and perspectives will hold a significant outcome on hierarchical systems including the structure of development. * The development of work associations other than includes the more extensive setting of social developments and human advancements. 1. 1 Compare and difference diverse authoritative development and progress. As bit of this exploration. we were educated to recognize and gauge the open introduction of the two famous quick supplement ironss viz. : Jollibee and McDonalds. Thusly. the undermentioned graphs and diagrams are the result of the said rating. Figure 1 Hierarchal Structure of McDo Figure 2 Hierarchal Structure of Jollibee Given the outlines above. obviously the two organizations have formal hierarchical developments. Be that as it may. there are a few contrasts between them. Clarify the contrasts between two distinctive association structures/diagrams. M2 Both organizations are comparable in that they do comprehend and design representative approval in spite of the fact that the evaluation of accomplishment may change. The approval gives the balance to an increasingly participative progress. Representatives are entrusted in littler gatherings to take on challenge to work out employments. Nonetheless. Mcdonalds appears to hold a taller progressive system than Jollibee’s. This is a direct result of their signifier of concern is supposed to be diversified thus they have their owner administrator and a 2 aide executives. It very well may be other than influenced by the human progress made by the American laminitis named. Beam Kroc. It doesn’t imply that Mcdo has a non so great imparting however that’s their position where they think their bearing works all the clasp. Not at all like Jollibee that has a shorter chain of command. has a sup erior conveying contrasted with Mcdo’s on the grounds that it is simple for them to look for and bar to the upper and lower places. It other than handles less clasp to pass on with each other. Second is the range of control. Jollibee has a couple of length of bearing contrasted with Mcdo. which gives a solid evaluation of decentalisation inside the degrees of its progressive system. 1. 2 Explain how the connection between an organization’s development and human advancement can affect on the open introduction of the worry. Figure [ 3 ] Span of Control Effect of Culture and Structure on the open introduction Jollibee’s development is supposed to be a Filipino human progress since it was established by Tony Tan. It was truly started in the Philippines. henceforth. the way of how Jollibee administration and handle the customers is extremely not quite the same as others. While Mcdo. has its ain human progress contingent upon the laminitis that provided impact to its guidance. Some Mcdo trade foundations abroad have this strategy ‘self-service’ that customers need to clean their plain arraies after repast. where truth be told. it is a contrary way here in the express that being affable is supported among Filipinos. In light of the development of the two organizations. Jollibee has a compliment chain of command contrasted with Mcdo. which implies that holding a shorter or compliment chain of importance is better in conveying. less clasp in looking for each other and most altogether is holding a closer relationship. The higher the chain of command. the more terrible conveyi ng it can make and hold a non so cozy relationship. In choice to this. the effect in the open introduction is fairly terrible. For delineation. the organization has a gathering to talk about new considerations on the best way to better the advancement of the organization. But since of the effect of progress and development. there might be a few representatives who are non can fall in the gathering since they have a place in the lower level of the organization and only the pioneers must be in the gathering. This is a sort of terrible open introduction since it two caputs is superior to one caput. Case of an association whose development influenced its anxiety open introduction and clarifies why it occurred. M1 The ENRON Company Before enrolling for chapter 11 of every 2001. Enron Corporation was one of the biggest join petroleum gas and power organizations known to mankind. It advertised flammable gas fluids worldwide and worked one of the biggest petroleum gas transmittal frameworks known to mankind. numbering more than 36. 000 detail mis. It was other than one of the biggest free engineers and makers of power known to mankind. working both mechanical and developing markets. Enron was other than a significant supplier of sun powered and air current sustainable power source around the world. dealt with the biggest arrangement of flammable gas related risk bearing agreements known to man. what's more, was one of the world’s greatest autonomous oil and gas geographic campaign organizations. In North America. Enron was the biggest clearing vender of gaseous petrol and power. Enron spearheaded propelled exchanging stocks. for example, gas hereafters and conditions hereafters. altogether redesiging the open assistance enterprises industry. After a surge of developing in the mid 1990s. the organization ran into inconveniences. The extent of Enron’s losingss was avoided investors. The organization collapsed after a bombed amalgamation exchange with Dynegy Inc. in 2001 brought to noticeable radiation solid monetary finagling. The organization had positioned figure seven on the Fortune 500. what's more, its disappointment was the greatest liquidation in American history. ( Advameg. Inc. . 2013 ) In any case, what is the ground why Enron fizzled? Enron’s executives’ going to was plainly centered around overall gains. power. avarice. also, impact. They need their representatives to focus on today’s primary concern and to be cleverer than the opposition. These impacts made a defy the-guidelines and win by any stretch of the imagination cost human advancement that brought about dishonest or illicit impacts among the organization. It was uncovered that officials were blow uping the stock fiscal incentive through army methods and misleading open proclamation. They even depicted mechanical achievements of Enron that do non really be and gloated about the worth and financial open introduction of the organization despite the fact that it is non valid. Everything was a lie and did that purposely to explode the stock fiscal worth only to pick up the cash from it and keep up it to themselves. 1. 3Discuss the elements which impact single conduct at work. Singular Differences at the Workplace Percept †The demonstration or module of groking by organizations of the faculties or of the head ; information ; understanding. The way you see the universe. Perspectives †Are determinates of conduct since they are connected with perceptual experience. character. sentiments. also, rationale. Characters †General: Relatively steady. predictable. also, common arrangement of mental and passionate highlights an individual shows when completely. or on the other hand while collaborating with individuals and their outside condition. Capacity †a person’s gift to execute a psychological or physical endeavor. Key Abilities Aptitudes †a learned blessing that an individual has obtained to execute an endeavor. The capacity. originating from one’s cognizance. design. inclination. what's more, to make something great ( Alino. 2013 ) PAPAS is the main factors that influence the conduct of the individuals in a specific organization. This is the place they figure out how to acknowledge each and everyone’s characters. perspectives and diversenesss. Figure 4 Individual Differences In add-on to the abovementioned. on the off chance that a student can delineate or substance out his answer with representations or outlines from the working environment. M3 Since we have effectively 2 organizations. we did non secure just the data yet alongside we saw how they work together with each other. how they treat their customers and each piece great as how they oversee themselves inside the organization. I will use McDonalds to embody their conduct through numbering their smilings and greetings to their customers. Note: the perception had been finished during McDonald’s surge hr which is 4pm-6pm. Other than. the perception simply handled 45 proceedingss and the smilings and greetings are being considered per bunch 5 customers inside an expected 15 proceedingss per gathering. Appeared from the outline above. McDonalds has a conduct of grinning and expressing Thank you consequently to their customers. Second to the best grade is perceiving new customers as they enter the McDo. This is

Creative Tips for Writing Students Essays

Creative Tips for Writing Students' EssaysInspiring essay topics can make a difference in whether your college application is accepted or rejected. Essay topics are generally provided by schools. When you have an idea for a brilliant essay topic, there are several steps you can take to ensure that you create one that makes you stand out from the rest of the pack.First, think about what kind of topics your students are most interested in. Go to forums online and ask students what kinds of essays they would like to read. You will get a lot of good ideas. Once you have chosen a subject that a lot of students like you should now focus on writing a great essay that follows a specific topic.Choose the appropriate topic based on the type of student you are dealing with. If you are dealing with a traditional student who has already done many college essays, then you should expect their essays to be a little less dynamic. You might want to go in for more academic topics or perhaps some non-fi ction topics that are relevant to the situation that the student is in.You should always remember that in writing any kind of essay you are going to need to be passionate about it. Once you are fully absorbed in the subject matter, you will be able to capture the attention of your reader and keep it throughout the entire essay. If you take away from the essay that it isn't as passionate as you feel it should be, then you may need to consider switching topics to something that will get your students to pay more attention to it.Your outline should be fresh when you begin writing the essay. The outline gives you a sort of reference point and begins the research you will do for the essay. If the topic of the essay is something you haven't written about before, then you should definitely use an outline. It will prevent you from making careless mistakes and it will allow you to focus on the various parts of the essay instead of writing different sections.The last but very important aspect of writing a well-written essay is your writing style. This is an important aspect because it determines the content of the essay. All good essay topics must be original and must tell a story. The format of the essay must also reflect the story and there are many different ways of writing a successful essay.The most important part of your writing style is consistency. You want to be sure that you use the same sentence structure throughout the essay. You want to also make sure that you use similar sentences to point out the main points of the essay. You will also want to show readers how your point differs from the others.There are many different subjects to write about, but there are a few that always seem to capture the attention of readers. The most common ones are personal growth, life changing events, or parenting. If you can write these topics well, then you will have a good chance of getting accepted to college.

Pheonix Jackson Essay - 988 Words

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The Moral Of Wife Of Bath - 990 Words

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The Environmental Crisis Of The Republican Party - 979 Words

Although many prominent politicians within the Republican Party continue to deny its’ existence, Climate Change is real. Irrefutable scientific evidence proves the earth is facing a serious environmental crisis, and the American public is taking notice. According to the EPA, 61% of Americans recognize the current status of the environment as an issue and believe action must be taken. Take action by voicing your disapproval for HR 5078, which passed in the House this past week. Encourage the Senate to kill this bill and protect America’s lakes, streams, wetlands, and other bodies of water. HR 5078 would prevent the â€Å"Definition of Waters of the United States Under the Clean Water Act† or WOTUS, a rule jointly proposed by the EPA and USACE,†¦show more content†¦The passage of HR 5078 offers only more confusion to the American Public. HR 5078 Harms the American Public According to the EPA, 117 million Americans drink water accessed water currently protected by the CWA, 1/3 of them receiving their water from streams and wetlands. With the passage of HR 5087, the protection of these waters will be compromised, leading to an increase in water pollution. Typical ailments caused by ingesting or touching polluted water can include body rashes, liver or stomach damage, respiratory distress, and neurological defects. While the proposed ‘WOTUS’ would clarify how previously contested streams and wetlands are protected, HR 5087 bans any new regulations or resolutions to be implemented. HR 5078 is a direct threat to public health and water protection. The Public Will Save Money The transparency provided under WOTUS will allow businesses to confidently invest in projects that require clean water, generating economic prosperity for both businesses and the surrounding community. The newly streamlined process created under WOTUS will save time and money when applying for permits to dispose of dredge and fill material. HR 5087 eliminates this process, creating longer waiting periods for permits. The new clarifications will eliminate the need for most case-by-case rulings that previously delayed projects. EPA studied show an average of $388 to $514 million will be saved per

Music for Throat Singing or Mongolian- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMusic for Throat Singing or Mongolian. Answer: Introduction The following paper concentrates on the topic of throat singing. This has been considered as one of the most ancient trends in the music culture in the Tuvan region. It is also called the Mongolian throat singing. A brief description will be given in this paper about some important aspects of throat singing. Throat singing of Khoomei Throat singing or Mongolian throat singing can also be identified as the overtone singing. This kind of music practice is generally done by the people of Mongolia or Inner Mongolia to be particular (Beahrs, 2014). Khoomei is considered to be the most popular variant of the throat singing. Khoomei is a very soft style of singing. This has been followed for ages and this has been one of the greatest traditions of their culture in particular. This kind of throat singing (Khoomei) is generally sung from the low-mid range to the mid range of the normal voice of the singer (Guzman et al., 2013). In this kind of singing style, about 2 to 3 harmonic sounds can be heard between the octaves (Beahrs, 2014). In this kind of singing style, the abdomen muscles of the singer are relaxed to a bit. Another important thing in this kind of singing style is the matter that it gives the impression as similar as the wind is whirling among the rocks and cliffs. The pitch of the tunes can even be manipulated through the movements of the lips, throat or jaw (Guzman et al., 2013). Conclusion In this discussion, the traditional things about Khoomei have been underpinned. This singing style has been followed in most of the regions and this is why it has become sso popular in that region. References Beahrs, R. O. (2014).Post-Soviet Tuvan Throat-Singing (Xmei) and the Circulation of Nomadic Sensibility(Doctoral dissertation, UC Berkeley). Guzman, M., Barros, M., Espinoza, F., Herrera, A., Parra, D., Muoz, D., Lloyd, A. (2013). Laryngoscopic, acoustic, perceptual, and functional assessment of voice in rock singers.Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica,65(5), 248-256.

Starting a Small Enterprise Essay Example For Students

Starting a Small Enterprise Essay StartingaSmallEnterpriseStarting a Small EnterpriseTABLE OF CONTENTSPageIntroduction Why Be an Entrepreneur? Rewards of Entrepreneurship. Risks of Entrepreneurship We will write a custom essay on Starting a Small Enterprise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 334Process Flow: Starting a Small Enterprise.. 5Analysis Are You Entrepreneurial?. Additional Factors to Consider.. 67Decision-Making/PlanningDetermining Your Product Line. Types of Business According to Ownership Writing a Business Plan. 889FinancingDetermining Your Financial Requirements.. Seeking Sources of Capital. Rules for Sound Financing.. 121214Setting Up Choosing the Site/Location of Your Business Registering Your Business.. Hiring/Training Personnel. 151522Getting Your Business Started 24References 25Introduction Why Be an Entrepreneur? Entrepreneurship is a way of life.Being entrepreneurial means being able to identify, start, and maintain a viable and profitable business, particularly a small enterprise.People spend most of their lives working for someone else.Some people eventually rise to positions of wealth and power, while the rest languish in unchallenging and low-paying jobs.On the other hand, there are a select few who strike it out on their own; rather than work for others, they put up their own enterprise. You may ask: Why should I risk my resources in an unpredictable business when I could hold a stable job with a permanent tenure and an assurance of a regular monthly income, without any risk?In other words, why be an entrepreneur rather than an employee?Entrepreneurship has its own rewards, as well as its risks.Having your own business has tremendous rewards, but be sure to weigh prospective returns against the potential risks and losses. Rewards of Entrepreneurship Have Unlimited Opportunity to Make Money When you have your own business, you will most certainly have unlimited potential to earn money.How much money you earn depends on the time and effort you put into your enterprise. Successful entrepreneurs have earned their wealth and prestige through hard work and by having the right product for the right market at the right time. Be Your Own Boss As sole proprietor of your business, you make the decisions for your enterprise and take full responsibility for them.The quality of these decisions will translate into either gain or loss for your business. Being your own boss means you are in control of your future.You have a better grasp of what you want to be. Tap Your Creativity A business usually starts out as an idea.You will have the opportunity to harness this creativity and turn your idea into products and processes. Overcome Challenges and Feel Fulfilled Starting a business is by itself an accomplishment.Running a business tests an entrepreneurs capability in securing and managing resources.How well a business turns out depends on the owners ability to face challenges and overcome them. Risks of Entrepreneurship Risk of Failure Small businesses are prone to risks and the possibility of failure a single wrong business decision can bring a business to bankruptcy. Unpredictable Business Conditions A small business is vulnerable to sudden changes in the business environment.In a fast-paced industry, a small firm may not possess the financial capability nor the organizational capacity to respond adequately to new opportunities and their concomitant problems. Long Hours of Work A prospective entrepreneur must be ready to spend most if not all his waking hours immersed in the business.Also, family time and personal affairs may be jeopardized. Unwanted or Unexpected Responsibilities The entrepreneur may eventually find himself saddled with management responsibilities he did not bargain for.Process Flow: Starting A Small EnterpriseSelf-Analysis: Are You Entrepreneurial?Considering Other FactorsDetermining Your Product/ Service Line and Type of BusinessWriting a Business PlanDetermining Your Financial RequirementsSeeking Sources of CapitalChoosing the Site/Location of Your BusinessRegistering Your BusinessHiring/Training PersonnelGetting Your Business StartedAnalysis Are You Entrepreneurial? A successful entrepreneur possesses key characteristics that help his business grow and thrive.Extensive research by the Small Enterprise Research and Development Foundation reveals 10 Personal Entrepreneurial Characteristics (PECs) that lead to success. These are grouped into what are called the Achievement Cluster, the Planning Cluster, and the Power Cluster. Take a look at what

Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John

Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John William Shakespeare is himself a man of mystery. Many facts myths exists about him, as if to say he had many chapters in his life. A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeare’s life is lacking, and thus much supposition surrounds relatively few facts that are known. It is commonly accepted that he was born in 1564, and it is known that he was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He is perhaps the best known English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. Shakespeare’s plays communicate a profound knowledge of human behavior, revealed through portrayals of a wide variety of characters. His use of poetic and dramatic means to create a unified aesthetic effect out of an array of multiple vocal expressions and actions is recognized as a singular achievement. â€Å"Poetic lyrics within his plays express the deepest levels of human motivation in individual, social, and universal situations. This considered one of the greatest accomplishments in literary history†(Volume S, 324)#. To understand Shakespeare’s point of view you have to understand his background. The third of eight children, he was probably educated at the local grammar school. As the eldest son, Shakespeare ordinarily would have been apprenticed to his father’s shop so that he could learn and eventually take over the business, but according to one account he was apprenticed to a butcher because of declines in his father’s financial situation. According to another account, he became a schoolmaster#. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a farmer. He is supposed to have left Stratford after he was caught poaching in the deer park of Sir Thomas Lucy, a local justice of the peace. Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had a daughter in 1583 and twins, a boy and a girl, in 1585. The boy did not survive. Shakespeare apparently arrived in London about 1588 and by 1592 had attained success as an actor an...

The Influence of Islam on GCC Businesses and their Ethical Behavior Essay

The Influence of Islam on GCC Businesses and their Ethical Behavior - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that all Islamic countries within the GCC are expected to be ethical in ways alike to their conformist counterparts.   As mentioned in their associations, these ethics include additional working operations with skills and integrity, diligence, care, avoiding the conflict of interest just to mention but a few. As ethics and values link to the ideas of what is wrong and right in the organizational context, for Islamic countries it will also be impacted by the Islamic principles of morality and legality. As such, Islamic states of the GCC will have extra ethical dimensions coming from their adherence to the morals and laws of Shari’ah. Though major Islamic businesses have discussed problems linked to the application of laws and rules to ethical practice, the association between ethics and morality has at some limit been neglected. In GCC business transactions, when the legal and ethical values are presumed to exist, some might argue, as particular Shari’ah scholars do, that as long as the needs and stipulations of the agreement are satisfied, the business deal will be both ethical and legal. Nevertheless, this argument might not have credence as the result of business transactions can cause adverse effects on the moral and social welfare of the citizens. A particular way of relating ethics to morals is in examining the impacts of actions of companies on the society. As mentioned by Carroll and Schwartz: â€Å"a business will be ethical only if it encourages good in the society.† That same logic is used to determine the ethical activities and transactions of the GCC. Precisely, activities of the GCC business will be ethical when it enables welfare (maslahah) and morality of persons within the society. On the contrary, a particular business that poses adverse effects on either Islamic morals or welfare of the people would be seen as unethical.

Creative Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Problem Solving - Essay Example They are much more creative and would solve issues on their own. Category B of employees involves the individuals who face challenges and fairly offer solutions to these challenges. They always involve their fellow employees who they perceive could be having more experiences and expertise than them in finding solutions to their issues. They are less independent and rely on external solutions to some extent. Category C and D employees are hardly different exhibit almost similar characteristics as far as provision of solutions to their challenges. They have a habit of avoiding the challenges altogether. They would rather not face the challenges; instead they leave them to other stakeholders in the system. ____10_____ C. Assume other challenges and pretend as though nothing wrong has occurred in the system. They tend to be less concern and seem to expect others to be responsible in solving the challenges. The results indicate that half of all the employees have the capacity to face the challenges and provide solutions on their own. Thirty percent face the issues that come before them but would rather engage other individuals in the solving of these problems. Twenty percent of these individuals would either assume the challenges or avoid them completely. The paper under study is ‘conceptualizing assessment for employee performance in terms of problem solution’ and what the strategic managers think about this trend. In the recent past, there has been an increased number of strategic managers that have relied on this assessment style as a creative way to evaluating a larger number of employees as compared to the old style of evaluation. An analytical study conducted reveals that the growth of creative management practices has been captivated by the adoption of other systems of management. Creative skills can be improved through the training to expand the ways of categorizing the various events and

Assessment of how managing the human Essay Example for Free

Assessment of how managing the human Essay This part of assignment assesses how managing the human, physical and technological resources that have been researched so far can improve the performance of Marks Spencer. Human Resources Human Resources are the people (employees) in the business. Monitoring the performance of employees in Marks Spencer has showed the way to a number of advantages. These essential advantages are assessed below. The employees in Marks Spencer are being monitored by CCTV and therefore watched by managers or directors which led to an increase in customer focus. Monitoring employees makes sure that they are carrying out the job tasks correctly. This could be for the reason that employees do not want to upset and get embarrassed when their managers or directors are observing them through CCTV; as a result they try to work and perform to the best of their ability. Employees in the stores of Marks Spencer know that they are being observed and monitored throughout the work day so this encourages employees to serve customers more adequately as well as to provide assistance at all times. In addition, employees in the stores are likely to think that they could get bonuses and rewards if they perform to the best of their ability. For instance, Marks Spencer could give incentives during the work which would likely make employees encouraged and complete the tasks given because incentives usually motivate employees to work to the best of their ability on whatever tasks are they completing. Marks Spencer offers gift vouchers that are the perfect choice to help reward congratulate and motivate people in a way they will appreciate. Marks Spencer vouchers are perfect incentive to increase sales, recruit new customers and generate new business. This is the best way to promote performance from the staff and encourage more positive outlook in the workplace. These incentives include the sick pay leave if needed as well as the holidays. (See appendix 4) Employees that work in Marks Spencer normally have 20% off discounts of the products and items that they buy. In addition, in order to increase their performance they offer deals and voucher tickets to their employees who are working to the best of their ability. These bonuses, fair wages and discounts that employees get makes them work even harder which means the motivation increases. Human resources includes the need of Marks Spencer having suitable employees in the organisation that work in the store in order to increase the performance of the business. Therefore, Marks Spencer should employ correct employees with the right skills, abilities and experience to complete tasks to the best of their ability. Having appropriate recruitment process – making adverts the most attractive as possible and having clear job descriptions with clear tasks would possibly bring the right people to Marks Spencer. When they choose an employee or employees to work for a business they need to make sure that interview procedure is correct and that short-listing table is used in order to compare all the candidates and choose the best one when looking at the criteria. Marks Spencer needs to make sure that they get the person to work for them that is intelligent, respectful and diligent. Candidates that apply for a job in marks Spencer need to complete the application form on the Marks Spencer’s website (www.marksandspencer.com) where an applicant would fill its personal details, grades and achievements and the experience. Retailers like Marks and Spencer have complex recruitment needs and have to deal with high volumes of applications to fill a large number of similar positions. Marks and Spencer manages all applications for store jobs via WCN’s Applicant Tracking System. The system is based on complex two way integration with the Marks and Spencer HR system. The system allows candidates who are successful after applying and completing online tests, to book their own interview within an hour of completing their application. Stores input vacancies and give available assessment times on the Marks and Spencer HR system, this data is then transferred to the WCN system and displayed to candidates online. Therefore, candidates that are successful they are either going to be contacted with the assessment times where they are going to be given different tasks including team work activities. In addition, their interview is going to take place at some time in the day too. After assessment day, usually the candidates will be told either by phone, e-mail or letter whether they got the job or not. In order to increase performance of the business the employees that are already working in Marks Spencer would need to be trained from time to time as they will be kept up to date with their tasks and will know how to complete them correctly. Knowing how to complete tasks correctly will eventually give motivation to them because they will have more understanding when completing their tasks and duties. However, if employees would not be sure of how to carry certain duties then the managers would not be happy with their work. Therefore, an appropriate training would be suitable in order to solve this problem. Training will give knowledge to employees about their job and introduce new tasks or duties that are needed to be completed. When employees go off for training they are normally working as a team by working together and completing certain tasks together; as a result, they are likely to develop more team work. Each store in Marks Spencer has different groups or teams and each group or team has their own responsibilities and tasks. Because each team has their own responsibilities this makes them know what they are doing and how they are approaching issues during their work day. Marks Spencer also have team members whose responsibilities are divided because they are specialists in their job; therefore, this means that Marks Spencer is likely to achieve its aims and objectives consistently and obviously, on time. On top of that, the employees that are part of Marks Spencer’s crew also help to achieve the targets of Marks Spencer. This could be for the reason that managers or directors have a span of control on supervisors and sales assistants in Marks Spencer stores. As a result, having the span of control will mean that managers are in charge for setting duties and tasks, controlling and observing employees, for instance, sales assistants and supervisors. For the reason that this happens they have their own responsibilities and tasks that has to be met and there is no need to worry themselves about other employees’ responsibilities and tasks in the store. As a result target achievement is met by a better task focus that takes place. In Marks Spencer the CCTV monitors the employees that are working and therefore, the managers in Marks Spencer’s store observes employees. This fact has increased Marks Spencer’s profit in the way as employees work to the best of their ability and perform well while they are working because they know that they are being observed. Employees need to perform well in order to get bonuses for their good work and to avoid the disappointment of their managers; therefore, they treat customers very well and serve them at all times when they are available. As a result, customers that are treated well tend to buy the items, such as food and clothing from Marks Spencer. This could be for the reason that when customers need help with their shopping, normally employees help them with where to find certain products, or where to find the right shoe sizes and clothing for them. In addition to this, Marks Spencer stores that provide clothing have fitting rooms which means employees that usually stand in front of the fitting rooms are there to help customers with the sizes of their clothing and even the styles. Marks Spencer usually observes the employees’ that are being late and therefore monitors them; normally, an employee that works for Marks Spencer will have an ID card. The lateness of employees’ can also be observed by asking them to sign time-sheets each day when they start and finish work; this helps Marks Spencer to organize all the employees that are expected to be on time and in their work place. Observing and monitoring employees’ makes them to start working on time for the reason that they might not want to have arguments or conflicts with their managers in the store. Because Marks Spencer stores have enough employees on the store floors this helps Marks Spencer to serve the majority of the customers properly. This is for the reason that fewer employees would be placed to serve customers in fitting rooms and most of the employees would be placed on the store floor placing products on shelves and helping customers to find certain products if they need help. For the reason that employees are divided into different areas in the whole store of Marks Spencer they can serve customers and help with their shopping at all times. However, if there aren’t enough employees on the store floor the customers will be disappointed due to the fact that they will not be served very well and not given much help concerning their shopping. For instance, if all of Marks Spencer’s employees’ in the store serves customers only in fitting rooms then there would not be enough employees on the store floor which will lead to a real untidiness and muddle in the store. In conclusion, observing employees’ punctuality makes them to keep up with their attendance and be punctual. This makes Marks Spencer have better image because their employees serves customers well and manages to keep up with the tidiness on the store floors. Physical and Technological resources Physical and technological resources that Marks Spencer uses have quite a lot of advantages as Human Resources. Physical resources are the things that business uses to complete its activities every day in the store, for instance, buildings and equipment. Technological resources are things such as computers with its software such as Microsoft Office. Physical and technological resources are assessed below. Marks Spencer has got a transactional website (technological resource) (www.marksandspencer.com) which means that the business is expanded in many ways which increased its performance. This could be for the reason that clients or consumers that are able to access the website can purchase its products. Marks Spencer online shopping offers UK online shoppers many choices. Their large clothing and home ware line has earned respect and loyalty from shoppers from the United Kingdom as well as worldwide. Consumers can shop online for thousands of Marks Spencer online products from the convenience of their home because people can look through the website to see new clothes and items and the new deals and offers are also promoted on the website so that customers know what is offered in the stores. In the website, it is also possible to contact Marks Spencer if consumers have a question regarding a product or an item. Therefore, this expand the business as anyone can access the website from any country of the world if they have internet connection and it also increases performance because consumers can stay at home not visiting the stores which means Marks Spencer would receive money from costumers anyway, which would increase in sales and this means Marks Spencer would make more profit. Marks Spencer stores has got many tills in their stores and employees that works on them, therefore, having many tills prevents in having long customer queues because as employees are able to work on the tills they can serve the customers very quickly. Therefore, the more tills Marks Spencer has, the better customer service because it serves customers quickly leaving them happy and it is likely to make them to come into the store the next time as they received good customer service. Eventually, if they continue visiting the store this means they will buy more products which will increase in sales and make higher profits. In addition to this, normally there are lifts in Marks Spencer stores that helps customers quite a lot too because their shopping can be more convenient. Lifts are useful because it helps customers with pushchairs and disabled customers to shop, especially in the stores where Marks Spencer has got four floors. For instance, one of the shopping malls in Plymouth has got Marks Spencer store of four floors; the first being men clothing, the second is women clothing, the third is lingerie and fourth floor is children clothing and toys, home ware and the cafà ©. On the fourth floor they also have a tunnel leading directly to the car park so it means customers can avoid the busy lifts that they will find in the shopping mall itself. Therefore, by having lifts Marks Spencer makes it convenient for customers to shop and they are likely to visit the store more often due to comfortable surroundings and resources available to them. In addition to this, Marks Spencer always has employees with samples of different items in the store for customers to try. This would also increase in providing better customer service as the products are promoted and customers will want to try out the new products. They will be happy that Marks Spencer offers samples to try out because customers would feel important in the store by employees showing attention and offering products to customers. As a result, customers that try the samples are likely to like the product and purchase it making Marks Spencer’s sales eventually grow and profits increase. On the top of that, customers want a good value for the products they buy which would be high quality and reliable. They also want to get good quality service provided to them at the stores and that staff always would be available for assistance if needed. Customers also want a good environment around them in which they would be comfortable to shop and buy high standard products provided; therefore, better customer service would be increased by employees being motivated and providing assistance and by having resources such as lifts which increase the shopping convenience and this would keep customers happy. The availability of communication through Internet and telephone allows Marks Spencer to correspond quicker and easier. Managers in Marks Spencer are able to send and receive information from other Marks Spencer branches as well as departments. For instance, e-mails allow managers to attach financial statement and transfer them to finance department which might be situated in another city. In addition to this, Internet and telephone connection gives an advantage to customers as well. This is for the reason that customers are able to contact Marks Spencer either by e-mails or by giving a call to Marks Spencer store. A number of customers feel the need to contact Marks Spencer because they want to ask about particular product, for example, if Marks Spencer has black jacket in size ten. If it happens that Marks Spencer has this type of an item in store the customer might ask to put it on hold which Marks Spencer will be happy to do. However, if it happens that Marks Spencer does not have it in store then the customer can order it and Marks Spencer will be happy to provide instructions how to do it. When the delivery arrives, Marks Spencer will contact the customer by informing him about the arrived jacket. Therefore, the customer would be happy because they are given quality service and because Marks Spencer is trying the best to serve customers well; this would make customers feel important. Marks Spencer has insurance against thefts, fire damages and vandalisms; therefore this makes employees feel safe in their working environment. Because of this employees are able to work and perform up to the highest possible standard. For instance, an employee who knows that he or she is protected from thieves that could appear in the store and be dangerous to lives of people that appear in the store will be able to serve customers without fair and stress. In addition, customers who know that Marks Spencer has insurance they would feel safe and protected when shopping in the store. This would increase Marks Spencer’s performance, as employees want to be safe, they want staff would be always available for assistance and they want good environment around them that is comfortable to shop in. Therefore, having insurance from thefts, fire damages and vandalisms would make sure that customer’s desires are fulfilled and employees would work to the best as they can knowing that they are protected. Therefore, as customers would visit the store more because they feel safe at the store, they would buy more products due to safety and getting quality assistance from employees and as a result sales will eventually increase which would lead to higher profit and increased performance. Equipment of Marks Spencer and the machinery would increase in productivity as well as the performance and reputation of the business. Marks Spencer would need to have the latest equipment and machinery in order to carry day to day activities correctly. Marks Spencer would use equipment and machinery such as self check-out machines, electronic tills and trolleys to carry products. The machinery in warehouses would be used in order to make items to the highest possible quality. These machines would need to be updated regularly so that they would not break down and cause day to day activities to slow down. Ultimately, if machinery and equipment are looked after and updated regularly then this means Marks Spencer would be able to operate effectively; customers are likely to buy their items and products which would eventually increase in sales and profit. If customers are going to be happy due to the service provided because of good machinery and equipment then they are likely to stay with Marks Spencer by visiting their stores regularly which would mean Marks Spencer’s reputation will grow over time and once again the sales and profits will increase. In addition to this, Marks Spencer stores have got employed security guards which make a store a safer place to work because there is an instant access to help. Having security is important for marks Spencer because products and items have security tags attached to them on the electronic bars; therefore, if people decide to steal a product or an item the alarm is going to go off at the entrance of the store which would mean that a customer has stolen something. Therefore, security guards will take care of this and make sure that the thief does not run away. In addition, CCTV cameras take great care of being secure at work as well. CCTV cameras operate all day through in Marks Spencer recording everything that is going on. Eventually, having security guards and CCTV cameras increases in performance of Marks Spencer as the employees will feel safe and happy at work and as a result carry out tasks to the best of their ability. Marks Spencer normally has quite big buildings that consist of two, three or even four floors, especially in shopping malls. In addition to this, if there are separate floors such as four floors building it allows Marks Spencer to set a particular floor for particular products and items. For instance, one of the shopping malls in Plymouth has got Marks Spencer store of four floors; the first being men clothing, the second is women clothing, the third is lingerie and fourth floor is children clothing and toys, home ware and the cafà ©. Besides, as the floors are quite big in terms of space, this allows Marks Spencer to have room in order to display a range of styles of the products. If Marks Spencer is able to display a large number of products this means that the performance is going to be increased because as the products are promoted the customers that walk around the store would see the product or an item and might get interested. Customer is likely to be attracted by the product because of the suitable displaying of products in Marks Spencer and as a result they would purchase it. In addition, customers that walk pass the store, might see the display of products in the shop windows of Mark Spencer and this would attract them to come in to the store to look at the product in more detail. Therefore, as customers are likely to buy more products due to displaying this is likely to increase sales and make a higher profit. If the business makes higher profit then this would increase the performance of Marks Spencer. Eventually, human, physical and technological resources have a big impact on Marks Spencer as a business. However, the inability that could to use these resources effectively could appear and this will cause many problems and difficulties rather than advantages.

Educational Philosophy :: Education Educating Teaching Essays

Educational Philosophy Today’s educators are setting the pace for their students’ tomorrow. Educators are expected of so much more today than they were twenty years ago. It is the teachers’ responsibility to provide their students with an education as well as a personal identity, and a sense of comfort. Every student that walks into a classroom contains a different set of needs that their teacher must meet. The educational aspect of teaching is a given, but the teacher must also aid their students in being individuals and appreciating who they are and where they come from. Teachers must also provide comfort and security for their students. The more comfortable that a student feels with their teacher, the more apt they will be to share issues they are struggling with in their lives. One of the reasons that I want to be an educator is because I want to fill every one of my students with confidence. I intend to pack the minds of my students with an endless supply of knowledge as well as e ncouragement in every aspect of their life. They will be taught to love themselves and appreciate their background. Another reason that I want to be an educator is because I truly love spending time with children. I was born the third of six children. I have experienced the role of being the baby sister and the big sister. I feel that I can relate with children very well because I spent so much time with my family. My final reason for wanting to be an educator is to explore different teaching style. I have been especially interested in creating a classroom for cooperative learning and Existentialism. My classroom will be the perfect learning environment. I will paint the room in light pastels and place carpet on a section of the floor. The carpeted section of the room will contain couches and beanbags. This area will be used mainly for group discussion. I will fill the walls with inspirational quotes and artwork provided by the students. I will have tables in my room instead of desks. I encourage cooperative learning because I feel that group work improves problem-solving and reading skills. Students will be graded on their participation inside of the group as far as working together and assisting group members. When it is time for the class to be evaluated, I will ask the students to leave their groups and select a special place in the room where they can go and work independently.

A Study of Cash Flows Statement

I. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present and explain the statement of cash flows by incorporating the statements No. 95, 102 and 104 that establish standards for cash flows reporting issued by FASB[i]. FASB Statement No. 95 (FAS 95) â€Å"Statement of Cash Flows† supersedes APB Opinion No. 9, Reporting Changes in Financial Position, and requires a statement of cash flows as part of a full set of financial statements for all business enterprises[ii] in place of a statement of changes in financial position and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. FASB Statement No. 102 (FAS 102) amends FAS 95, to exempt from the requirement to provide a statement of cash flows (a) defined benefit pension plans covered by FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting and Reporting by Defined Benefit Pension Plans[iii] , and certain other employee benefit plans and (b) high ly liquid investment companies that meet specified conditions. This Statement also requires that cash receipts and cash payments resulting from acquisitions and sales of (a) securities and other assets that are acquired specifically for resale and carried at market value in a trading account and (b) loans that are acquired specifically for resale and carried at market value or the lower of cost or market value be classified as operating cash flows in a statement of cash flows. FASB Statement No. 104 (FAS 104) amends FAS 95 to permit banks, savings institutions, and credit unions to report in a statement of cash flows certain net cash receipts and cash payments for (a) deposits placed with other financial institutions and withdrawals of deposits, (b) time deposits accepted and repayments of deposits, and (c) loans made to customers and principal collections of loans. This Statement also amends FAS 95 to permit cash flows resulting from futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts, or swap contracts that are accounted for as hedges of identifiable transactions or events to be classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged provided that accounting policy is disclosed. II. Purpose of a Statement of Cash Flows The purpose of a statement of cash flows is: 1. To provide relevant information about the cash receipts and cash payments of an enterprise during a period 2. To help investors, creditors, and others to assess; 2. 1. The enterprise's ability to generate positive future net cash flows 2. 2. The enterprise's ability to meet its obligations, its ability to pay dividends, and its needs for external financing 2. 3. The reasons for differences between net income and associated cash receipts and payments 2. 4. The effects on an enterprise's financial position of both its cash and noncash investing and financing transactions during the period. So the objectives of standards of financial accounting and reporting is to require the presentation of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an enterprise by means of the statement of cash flows which classifies cash flows during the period according to operating, investing and financing activities. III. Focus on Cash and Cash Equivalents A statement of cash flows explains the changes in cash[iv] (cash on hand and demand deposits) and cash equivalents during a period. Cash equivalents comprise the short-term, highly liquid investments that are (i) readily convertible to a known amount of cash and (ii) that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Generally an investment normally meets the definition of a cash equivalent when it has a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition. Equity investments are normally excluded, unless they are in substance a cash equivalent (e. g. preferred shares acquired within three months of their specified redemption date). Bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand and which form an integral part of an enterprise's cash management are also included as a component of cash and cash equivalents. Examples of items commonly considered to be cash equivalents are treasury bills, commercial paper, money market funds, and federal funds sold (for an enterprise with banking operations). Cash purchases and sales of those investments generally are part of the enterprise's cash management activities rather than part of its operating, investing, and financing activities, and details of those transactions need not be reported in a statement of cash flows. An enterprise shall establish a policy concerning which short-term, highly liquid investments that satisfy the said definition of cash equivalents. For example, an enterprise having banking operations might decide that all investments that qualify except for those purchased for its trading account will be treated as cash equivalents, while an enterprise whose operations consist largely of investing in short-term, highly liquid investments might decide that all those items will be treated as investments rather than cash equivalents. An enterprise shall disclose its policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Any change to that policy is a change in accounting principle that shall be affected by restating financial statements for earlier years presented for comparative purposes. IV. Gross and net cash flows Generally, information about the gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments during a period is more relevant than information about the net amounts of cash receipts and payments. However, the net amount of related receipts and payments provides sufficient information not only for cash equivalents as noted in section III, but also for certain other classes of cash flows that have quick turnover, large amounts and short maturities. For certain other items such as demand deposits of a bank and customer accounts payable of a broker-dealer, the enterprise is substantively holding or disbursing cash on behalf of its customers. Only the net changes during the period in assets and liabilities with those characteristics need be reported because knowledge of the gross cash receipts and payments related to them may not be necessary to understand the enterprise's operating, investing, and financing activities[v]. Items that qualify for net reporting because their turnover is quick, their amounts are large, and their maturities are short are cash receipts and payments pertaining to (a) investments (other than cash equivalents), (b) loans receivable, and (c) debt, providing that the original maturity of the asset or liability is three months or less[vi]. Banks, savings institutions, and credit unions are not required to report gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for (a) deposits placed with other financial institutions and withdrawals of deposits, (b) time deposits accepted and repayments of deposits, and (c) loans made to customers and principal collections of loans. When those enterprises constitute part of a consolidated enterprise, net amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for deposit or lending activities of those enterprises shall be reported separate from gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for other investing and financing activities of the consolidated enterprise, including those of a subsidiary of a bank, savings institution, or credit union that is not itself a bank, savings institution, or credit union. V. Classification of Cash Receipts and Cash Payments A statement of cash flows shall classify cash receipts and cash payments as resulting from investing, financing, or operating activities[vii]. |Cash Flows from Investing Activities[viii] | |Cash inflows from receipts including; |Cash outflows for disbursements / payments including; | | | | |1. ollections of loans made by the enterprise |1. making loans by the enterprise | |2. sales of other entities' debt instruments (other than cash |2. acquire debt instruments of other entities (other than cash | |equivalents and certain debt instruments that are acquired |equivalents and certain debt instruments that are acquired | |specifically for resale) that were purchased by the enterprise |specifically | |3. ales of equity instruments of other enterprises (other than |for resale) | |certain equity instruments carried in a trading account) |3. acquire equity instruments of other enterprises (other than | |and from returns of investment in those instruments |certain equity instruments carrie d in a trading account) | |4. sales of property, plant, and equipment and other productive |4. t the time of purchase or soon before or after purchase[ix] to | |assets. |acquire property, plant, and equipment and other productive | | |assets[x]. | | | | | | |Cash Flows from Financing Activities |Cash inflows from; |Cash outflows for; | | | | |1. Proceeds from issuing equity instruments |1. Payments of dividends or other distributions to owners, including | |2. Proceeds from issuing bonds, mortgages, notes, and from |outlays to reacquire the enterprise's equity instruments | |other short- or long-term borrowing. |2. Repayments of amounts borrowed | | |3. Other principal payments to creditors who have extended long-term | | |credit[xi]. | | | |Cash Flows from Operating Activities[xii] | |Cash inflows includes; |Cash outflows includes; | |1. Cash receipts from sales of goods[xiii] or services, |1. Cash payments to acquire materials for manufacture or goods[xiv] | |including receipts from collection or sale of accounts and both |for resale, including principal | |short- and long-term notes receivable from customers arising |payments on accounts and both short- and long-term notes payable to | |from those sales |suppliers for those materials or goods | |2. Cash receipts from returns on loans, other debt instruments |2. Cash payments to other suppliers and employees for other goods or | |of other entities, and equity securities—interest and dividends |services | |3. All other cash receipts that do not stem from transactions |c. Cash payments to governments for taxes, duties, fines, and other | |defined as investing or financing activities, such as amounts |fees or penalties | |received to settle lawsuits; proceeds of nsurance settlements |3. Cash payments to lenders and other creditors for interest | |except for those that are directly related to investing or |4. All other cash payments that do not stem from transactions defined| |financing activities, such as from destruction of a building; |as investing or financing activities, such as payments to settle | |and refunds from suppliers. |lawsuits, cash contributions to charities, and cash refunds to | | |customers. It is notable that certain cash receipts and payments may have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. For example, the ac quisition and sale of equipment to be used by the enterprise or rented to others generally are investing activities. However, equipment sometimes is acquired or produced to be used by the enterprise or rented to others for a short period and then sold. In those circumstances, the acquisition or production and subsequent sale of those assets shall be considered operating activities. Cash flows relating to extraordinary items should be classified as operating, investing or financing as appropriate and should be separately disclosed. The exchange rate used for translation of transactions denominated in a foreign currency and the cash flows of a foreign subsidiary should be the rate in effect at the date of the cash flows. [xv] Cash flows of foreign subsidiaries should be translated at the exchange rates prevailing when the cash flows took place. As regards the cash flows of associates and joint ventures, where the equity method is used, the cash flow statement should report only cash flows between the investor and the investee; where proportionate consolidation is used, the cash flow statement should include the venturer's share of the cash flows of the investee. Financial statements shall not report an amount of cash flow per share. Neither cash flow nor any component of it is an alternative to net income as an indicator of an enterprise's performance, as reporting per share amounts might imply. VI. Content and Form of the Statement of Cash Flows A statement of cash flows for a period shall report net cash provided or used by operating, investing, and financing activities[xvi] and the net effect of those flows on cash and cash equivalents during the period in a manner that reconciles beginning and ending cash and cash equivalents. In reporting cash flows from operating activities, enterprises are encouraged to use Direct Method to shows each major class of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments[xvii]. The operating cash flows section of the cash flow statement under the direct method would appear something like this: |Cash receipts from customers |xx,xxx | |Cash paid to suppliers |xx,xxx | |Cash paid to employees |xx,xxx | |Cash paid for other operating expenses |xx,xxx | |Interest paid |xx,xxx | |Income taxes paid |xx,xxx | |Net cash from operating activities |xx,xxx | Enterprises that do so should, at a minimum, separately report the following classes of operating cash receipts and payments: Enterprises that choose not to provide information about major classes of operating receipts and payments by the direct method shall determine and report the same amount for net cash flow from operating activities indirectly by adjusting net income to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities (the indirect or reconciliation method). The Indirect Method adjusts accrual basis net profit or loss for the effects of non-cash transactions. The operating cash flows section of the cash flow statement under the indirect method would appear something like this: |Profit before interest and income taxes |  |xx,xxx | |Add back depreciation |  |xx,xxx | |Add back amortization of goodwill |  |xx,xxx | |Increase in receivables |  |xx,xxx | |Decrease in inventories |  |xx,xxx | |Increase in trade payables |  |xx,xxx | |Interest expense | |xx,xxx | |Less Interest accrued but not yet paid | |  xx,xxx | |Interest paid |  |xx,xxx | |Income taxes paid |  |xx,xxx | |Net cash from operating activities |  |xx,xxx | That requires adjusting net income to remove (a) the effects of all deferrals of past operating cash receipts and payments, such as changes during the period in inventory, deferred income, and the like, and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments, such as changes during the period in receivables and payables[xviii], and (b) the effects of all items whose cash effects are investing or financing cash flows, such as depreciation, amortization of goodwill, and gains or losses on sales of property, plant, and equipment and discontinued operations (which relate to investing activities), and gains or losses on extinguishment of debt (which is a financing activity). If the direct method of reporting net cash flow from operating activities is used, the reconciliation of net income to net cash flow from operating activities shall be provided in a separate schedule. If the indirect method is used, the reconciliation may be either reported within the statement of cas h flows or provided in a separate schedule, with the statement of cash flows reporting only the net cash flow from operating activities. If the reconciliation is presented in the statement of cash flows, all adjustments to net income to determine net cash flow from operating activities shall be clearly identified as reconciling items. Except for items described in section IV paragraphs 2 and 3, both investing/financing cash inflows and outflows shall be reported separately in a statement of cash flows—for example, outlays for acquisitions of property, plant, and equipment shall be reported separately from proceeds from sales of property, plant, and equipment; proceeds of borrowings shall be reported separately from repayments of debt; and proceeds from issuing stock shall be reported separately from outlays to reacquire the enterprise's stock. VII. Information about Noncash Investing and Financing Activities Information about all investing and financing activities of an enterprise during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period shall be reported in related disclosures. Examples of noncash investing and financing transactions are converting debt to equity; acquiring assets by assuming directly related liabilities, such as purchasing a building by incurring a mortgage to the seller; obtaining an asset by entering into a capital lease; and exchanging noncash assets or liabilities for other noncash assets or liabilities. Some transactions are part cash and part noncash; only the cash portion shall be reported in the statement of cash flows. VIII. Exemptions from the Requirement to Provide a Statement of Cash Flows A statement of cash flows is not required to be provided by a defined benefit pension plan that presents financial information in accordance with the provisions of Statement 35. Other employee benefit plans that present financial information similar to that required by Statement 35 (including the presentation of plan investments at fair value) also are not required to provide a statement of cash flows. Employee benefit plans are encouraged to include a statement of cash flows with their annual financial statements when that statement would provide relevant information about the ability of the plan to meet future obligations (for example, when the plan invests in assets that are not highly liquid or obtains financing for investments). For an investment enterprise (an investment company, an investment enterprise, a common trust fund, variable annuity account, or similar fund maintained by a bank, insurance company, or other enterprise in its capacity as a trustee, administrator, or guardian for the collective investment and reinvestment of moneys) to be exempt from the requirement to provide a statement of cash flows, all of the following conditions must be met: a. During the period, substantially all of the enterprise's investments were highly liquid (for example, marketable securities, and other assets for which a market is readily available). b. Substantially all of the enterprise's investments are carried at market value[xix]. c. The enterprise had little or no debt, based on the average debt outstanding[xx] during the period, in relation to average total assets. d. The enterprise provides a statement of changes in net assets. IX. Classification of Cash Flows from Acquisitions and Sales of Certain Securities and Other Assets Banks, brokers and dealers in securities, and other enterprises may carry securities and other assets in a trading account[xxi]. Cash receipts and cash payments resulting from purchases and sales of securities and other assets shall be classified as operating cash flows if those assets are acquired specifically for resale and are carried at market value in a trading account. Some loans are similar to securities in a trading account in that they are originated or purchased specifically for resale and are held for short periods of time. Cash receipts and cash payments resulting from acquisitions and sales of loans lso shall be classified as operating cash flows if those loans are acquired specifically for resale and are carried at market value or at the lower of cost or market value[xxii]. Cash receipts resulting from sales of loans that were not specifically acquired for resale shall be cla ssified as investing cash inflows. That is, if loans were acquired as investments, cash receipts from sales of those loans shall be classified as investing cash inflows regardless of a change in the purpose for holding those loans. X. Net Reporting of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments According to FAS No. 95, information about the gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments during a period generally is more relevant than information about the net amounts of cash receipts and cash payments. However, for certain items, the net amount of cash receipts and cash payments may provide sufficient information. For example, gross cash flows need not be reported for demand deposits of a bank or for investments, loans receivable, and debt of any enterprise if the original maturity of the asset or liability is three months or less. As a result banks, savings institutions, and credit unions are not required to report gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for (a) deposits placed with other financial institutions and withdrawals of deposits, (b) time deposits accepted and repayments of deposits, and (c) loans made to customers and principal collections of loans. When those enterprises constitute part of a consolidated enterprise, net amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for deposit or lending activities of those enterprises shall be reported separate from gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments for other investing and financing activities of the consolidated enterprise. XI. Classification of Cash Flows from Hedging Transactions The Board received requests from various enterprises to reconsider the classification of cash flows from an item that is intended as a hedge of another item. Those requests generally focused on cash flows from a futures contract or forward contract that is accounted for as a hedge of an inventory transaction. FAS 104 modifies FAS 95 to permit cash flows resulting from futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts, or swap contracts that are accounted for as hedges of identifiable transactions or events (for example, a cash payment from a futures contract that hedges a purchase or sale of inventory), including anticipatory hedges, to be classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged provided that accounting policy is disclosed. If for any reason hedge accounting for an instrument that hedges an identifiable transaction or event is discontinued, then any cash flows subsequent to the date of discontinuance shall be classified consistent with the nature of the instrument. Endnotes ———————– i]- â€Å"Portions of various FASB Statements, copyright  © by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, 401 Merritt 7, PO Box 5116, Norwalk, CT 06856-5116, USA, are reproduced with permission. Complete copies of these documents are available from the FASB. † [ii]- A statement of cash flows is not required for defined benefit pension plans and certain other employee benefit plans or for certain investment companies as provided by FAS 102, Statement of Cash Flows—Exemption of Certain Enterprises and Classification of Cash Flows from Certain Securities Acquired for Resale. [iii]- The financial reporting requirements of defined benefit pension plans are addressed in Statement 35. Paragraph 6 of that Statement specifies that the annual financial statements of a plan shall include: (a) A statement that includes information regarding the net assets available for benefits as of the end of the plan year (b) A statement that includes information regarding the changes during the year in the net assets available for benefits (c) Information regarding the actuarial present value of accumulated plan benefits as of either the beginning or end of the plan year (d) Information regarding the effects, if significant, of certain factors affecting the year-to-year change in the actuarial present value of accumulated plan benefits. Statement 35 also states that existing generally accepted accounting principles other than those discussed in that Statement may apply to the financial statements of defined benefit pension plans. iv]- Consistent with common usage, cash includes not only currency on hand but demand deposits with banks or other financial institutions. Cash also inclu des other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the customer may deposit additional funds at any time and also effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. All charges and credits to those accounts are cash receipts or payments to both the entity owning the account and the bank holding it. For example, a bank's granting of a loan by crediting the proceeds to a customer's demand deposit account is a cash payment by the bank and a cash receipt of the customer when the entry is made. v]- cash flows from investing and financing activities should be reported gross by major class of cash receipts and major class of cash payments except for the following cases, which may be reported on a net basis: Cash receipts and payments on behalf of customers (for example, receipt and repayment of demand deposits by banks, and receipts collected on behalf of and paid over to the owner of a property). Cash receipts and payments for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short, generally less than three months (for example, charges and collections from credit card customers, and purchase and sale of investments). cash receipts and payments relating to fixed maturity deposits. Cash advances and loans made to customers and repayments thereof. Investing and financing transactions which do not require the use of cash should be excluded from the cash flow statement, but they should be separately disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements. vi]- For this purpose, amounts due on demand are considered to have maturities of three months or less. For convenience, credit card receivables of financial services operations–generally, receivables resulting from cardholder charges that may, at the cardholder's option, be paid in full when first billed, usually within one month, without incurring interest charges and that do not stem from the enterprise's sale of good s or services–also are considered to be loans with original maturities of three months or less. [vii]- Generally, each cash receipt or payment is to be classified according to its nature without regard to whether it stems from an item intended as a hedge of another item. For example, the proceeds of a borrowing are a financing cash inflow even though the debt is intended as a hedge of an investment, and the purchase or sale of a futures contract is an investing activity even though the contract is intended as a hedge of a firm commitment to purchase inventory. However, cash flows from futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts, or swap contracts that are accounted for as hedges of identifiable transactions or events (for example, a cash payment from a futures contract same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged provided that accounting policy is that hedges a purchase or sale of inventory), including anticipatory hedges, may be classified in the disclosed. If for any reason hedge accounting for an instrument that hedges an identifiable transaction or event is discontinued, then any cash flows subsequent to the date of discontinuance shall be classified consistent with the nature of the instrument. [viii]- Investing activities exclude acquiring and disposing of certain loans or other debt or equity instruments that are acquired specifically for resale, as discussed in Statement 102. [ix]- Generally, only advance payments, the down payment, or other amounts paid at the time of purchase or soon before or after purchase of property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets are investing cash outflows. Incurring directly related debt to the seller is a financing transaction, and subsequent payments of principal on that debt thus are financing cash outflows. x]- Payments to acquire productive assets include interest capitalized as part of the cost of those assets. [xi]- Refer to footnote 8 which indicates that most principal payments on seller-financed debt directly related to a purchase of property, plant, and equipment or other productive assets are financing cash outflows. [xii]- Operating activities include all transactions and other events that are not defined as investing or financing activities in paragraphs 15-20. Operating activities generally involve producing and delivering goods and providing services. Cash flows from operating activities are generally the cash effects of transactions and other events that enter into the determination of net income. xiii]- The term goods include certain loans and other debt and equity instruments of other enterprises that are acquired specifically for resale, as discussed in Statement 102. [xiv]- The term goods include certain loans and other debt and equity instruments of other enterprises that are acquired specifically for resale, as discussed in Statement 102. [xv]- Paragraph 12 of FASB Statement No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, recognizes the general imprac ticality of translating revenues, expenses, gains, and losses at the exchange rates on dates they are recognized and permits an appropriately weighted average exchange rate for the period to be used to translate those elements. This Statement applies that provision to cash receipts and cash payments. xvi]- Separate disclosure of cash flows pertaining to extraordinary items or discontinued operations reflected in those categories is not required. An enterprise that nevertheless chooses to report separately operating cash flows of discontinued operations shall do so consistently for all periods affected, which may include periods long after sale or liquidation of the operation. [xvii]- a. Cash collected from customers, including lessees, licensees, and the like b. Interest and dividends received c. Other operating cash receipts, if any d. Cash paid to employees and other suppliers of goods or services, including suppliers of insurance, advertising, and the like e. Interest paid f. Inc ome taxes paid g. Other operating cash payments, if any. xviii]- Adjustments to net income to determine net cash flow from operating activities shall reflect accruals for interest earned but not received and interest incurred but not paid. Those accruals may be reflected in the statement of financial position in changes in assets and liabilities that relate to investing or financing activities, such as loans or deposits. However, interest credited directly to a deposit account that has the general characteristics described footnote 1, is a cash outflow of the payor and a cash inflow of the payee when the entry is made. [xix]- Securities for which market value is determined using matrix pricing techniques, which are described in the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Audits of Investment Companies, would meet this condition. Other securities for which market value is not readily determinable and for which fair value must be determined in good faith by the board of directors would not. [xx]- For the purpose of determining average debt outstanding, obligations resulting from redemptions of shares by the enterprise from unsettled purchases of securities or similar assets, or from covered options written generally may be excluded. However, any extension of credit by the seller that is not in accordance with standard industry practices for redeeming shares or for settling purchases of investments shall be included in average debt outstanding. [xxi]- Characteristics of trading account activities are described in FASB Statement No. 9, Financial Reporting and Changing Prices, and in the AICPA Industry Audit Guide, Audits of Banks, and Audit and Accounting Guide, Audits of Brokers and Dealers in Securities. [xxii]- Mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities held for sale are required to be reported at the lowe r of cost or market value in accordance with FASB Statement No. 65, Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities. References 1. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95 Statement of Cash Flows November 1987 Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Financial Accounting Foundation 401 MERRITT 7, P. O. BOX 5116, NORWALK, CONNECTICUT 06856-5116 2. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 102 Statement of Cash Flows—Exemption of Certain Enterprises and Classification of Cash Flows from Certain Securities Acquired for Resale an amendment of FASB Statement No. 95 February 1989 Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Financial Accounting Foundation 401 MERRITT 7, P. O. BOX 5116, NORWALK, CONNECTICUT 06856-5116 3. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 104 Statement of Cash Flows—Net Reporting of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments and Classification of Cash Flows from Hedging Transactions an amendment of FASB Statement No. 95 December 1989 Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Financial Accounting Foundation 401 MERRITT 7, P. O. BOX 5116, NORWALK, CONNECTICUT 06856-511